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Last modified: 2010-11-13 by ivan sache
Keywords: bastille day | quatorze juillet |
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The French National Day is the 14th of July, which recalls the
seizure of the Bastille fortress on 14
July 1789 by the mob of Paris. This Day
is called in English Bastille Day but, more simply, Quatorze
juillet or Fête nationale in French.
The main event of Bastille Day is the military parade (dé,filé du 14 juillet) that takes
place on (and above) Avenue des Champs-Elysées in Paris. Similar parades, involving much less units, can be organized in other French towns.
The sequence of the events of the Paris parade is more or less the same
each year.
The President of the French Republic,
who is, according to the Constitution, the Head of the Armes Forces,
shall arrive by car and join the Military Governor of Paris, who is
responsible of the parade, in a command car. Then a battalion of the
Republican Guard shall parade and be reviewed by the President. After
the review, the President shall go into the VIP stands, where Madame
la Présidente, the members of the Government, the Presidents
of the Senate and the National Assembly as well as the guests are
already present. In 2002, members of the New
York City Fire Department and their families were among the
guests. In 2001, the King and Queen of Spain
were the main guests.
Before the start of the parade, a small scenography shall be
presented. In 2001, the Spanish Royal Guard executed a very
impressive equestrian ballet. The bicentenary of the
Legion of Honour was the subject of the
scenography in 2002. This section of the ceremony shall end with a
performance of La Marseillaise, the French national anthem. In
2002, la Marseillaise was played and sung according to Hector
Berlioz' orchestration. Berlioz, the famous romantic composer of
Roméo et Juliette and La Damnation de Faust,
wrote his orchestration of the national anthem during the
revolutionary days of 1830 that eventually suppressed the Bourbon kingdom, and dedicated it to Rouget de l'Isle, the original composer of La
Marseillaise, who was still alive in 1830. Berlioz' version is
rarely played because it required a plenty of musicians and two mixed
choirs.
The parade shall start with the aircrafts, if weather permits it. It is one of the only cases in which flying over Paris is permitted. Other instances are the Paris marathon and the last stage of Tour de France, for which aerial TV images are required. In 2001, the airbone parade was cancelled because of the weather, whereas in 2002 the Military Governor of Paris eventually allowed it. The parade shall be opened by the seven Alphajets of the French Patrol (Patrouille de France), which shall fly in a V-pattern and release a Tricolor "flag" with smoke generators.
The terrestrial parade shall start with
École Polytechnique. In 2002, however,
the Army Military Academy (West Point) Cadets, which celebrated their
bicentenary, were the main guests and therefore opened the parad.
They wore five flags, from left to right:
- the US national flag;
- the US Army flag;
- the flag of West Point Academy;
- the flag of the Corps of Cadets;
- the
Bicentennial Flag, which the USMA color guard is carrying this
year (identified by Andrew Rogers).
The reporter on French TV stated that only the US national flag
would not be dipped in front of the VIP stand. Unfortunately, the
salute to the authorities, which would have been the most interesting
vexillological event in the parade, was not shown on TV.
The reporter also pointed out the difference in flag dipping between
USA and France. In the USA, the flag shall be dipped at an angle of
45 degrees, whereas in France it shall be dipped to the horizontal.
The French dipping was clearly seen when the standard bearer of
École Polytechnique dipped the flag.
After the salute, all units shall divide in two parts and leave the avenue by its left and right sides. The only unit which shall not follow this rule is the Foreign Legion (Légion Etrangère), because the Legion shall never divide. The Foreign Legion is among the most popular units, together with the Fire Brigade and the Republican Guard. The Legion has its own step, slower than the other units. In the first row, the pioneers wear the original apron and carry a shovel. The Legion shall marche with its own band, which includes the famous "Chinese hat".
The parade shall always be closed by the band of the Republican Guard. Then the President shall congratulate the Military Governor of Paris for the quality of the parade and leave in the Presidential car. Around 6,000 guests shall gather in the gardens of the Palais de l'Élysée for the Élysée garden-party (yes, the official name of the ceremony is in English!).
Ivan Sache, 16 July 2002
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