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image located by Viktor Lomantsov, 10 January 2018A Soviet advertising poster (1928) for American pencils "A. Hammer" shows a
mysterious red flag with logo.
Big image -
https://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/164839/29146087.880/0_d41aa_62caa691_orig.jpg
Viktor Lomantsov, 10 January 2018
These pencils were the products of Armand Hammer (1898-1990), a prominent
American businessman, philanthropist and communist sympathizer.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand_Hammer
Miles Li, 10 January
2018
The poster is a publicity image for the pencil brand "A. Hammer". It has been
claimed that it was done by Владимир Августович Стенберги (English: Vladimir
Avgustovich Stenberg) and Георгий Августович Стенберги (English: Georgiy
Avgustovich), known as the Братья Стенберг (English: Stenberg brothers) in a
Constructivism technique.
The flag in question is a swallow-tailed red
background, featuring a square emblem in the canton, made up of a (supposedly)
naval-like emblem design displaying a crossed hammer and anchor pointing upwards
in white over light blue background, and coming out of the top left corner, are
eight red rays over a white background. In the middle, in black background, the
statue of liberty (featured from the waist up). The pencil is featured on the
New York skyline with an arriving ship at night.
The pencil featured in
the poster reads (from top to bottom, written vertically): naval-like emblem
design displaying a crossed hammer and anchor pointing upwards in black - A.
HAMMER "DIAMOND" (diamond being a type of pencil manufactured by the company).
Below, the following inscription in three rows, from top to bottom (in
Cyrillic script) and in capitals:
АМЕИРКАНСКАЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННАЯ КОНЦЕССИЯ
А.ГАММЕР (English: American Industrial Concession A. Hammer) КАРАНДАШИ ПЕРЬЯ
(English: Pencil's feathers) МОСКВА ♦ НЬЮ·ИОРК (English: Moscow ♦ New York)
"Soviet advertising pencils 1920's. A. Hammer" Pencil factory "A. Hammer"
began work in Moscow in April 1926, as a private American industrial concession.
On February 19, 1930, the factory was taken over by the state and was renamed
(the) "Карандаш фабрики им. Сакко и Ванцетти" (English: "Sacco and Vanzetti
Pencil Factory" (after. Sacco and Vanzetti, after the Italian immigrant workers
whose execution in the U.S. in 1927 for crimes they allegedly did not commit
made them martyrs to the socialist cause). Thus, the pencil (company and) brand
A. Hammer lasted a little less than four years.
A. Hammer's (named after
its founder, Armand Hammer) factory was the only private pencil factory for the
whole of the USSR's existence and was a strong competitor to the state pencil
factories. Consumers willingly bought pencils and other stationery products of
the A. Hammer factory, although it was much more expensive than similar ones at
state factories.
A. Hammer's products were of high quality, colorfully
framed and competently promoted to the market. It can be assumed that it was the
competition between the private pencil factory A. Hammer and the state pencil
factories that caused a large number of pencil advertisements in the USSR in the
late 1920s. In the Soviet Union, neither before nor after, this has taken place.
And, of course, the most vivid and numerous was the advertisement of A. Hammer.
The image Victor mentions is part of a two series posters, as part of
the company's:
1. Outdoor advertising. In 1927 - 1928, several color
posters with images of the top products of the factory were published. Probably,
they were distributed to wholesale customers for registration of retail outlets.
Also issued postcards with images of these posters."
The image of the
poster is found here: . And its caption reads: Плакат «А. Гаммер. Diamond.
Карандаши. Перья», год издания - 1927, размер 71,5x51 см. (English: Poster "A.
Hammer. Diamond. Pencils. Feathers ", the year of publication - 1927, the size
of 71.5x51 cm.
"I went into a stationery store to buy a pencil. The
salesman showed me an ordinary lead-pencil that would cost two or three cents in
America, and to my astonishment said the price was fifty kopeks (26 cents)... I
decided that here was my opportunity. ~ Armand Hammer"
Hammer, who
completely lacked pencil-making know-how, recruited disgruntled German Faber
pencil masters and Birmingham engineers and within six months his Moscow pencil
factory was in business using first American cedar and then Siberian redwood.
Demand soared and Nikita Khrushchev told Hammer much later that he first learnt
how to write using a Hammer pencil. But in 1930 the economic climate changed and
Armand Hammer sold the factory to the Soviets (the concession came to an end,
the company was nationalized and began operations as a State company on March
15, 1930). On the basis of the concession agreement (managed by the "Главный
концессионный комитет при Совете Народных Комиссаров СССР, ГКК; Главконцесск;
Главконцеском; Главконцесском" (English: The Main Concession Committee at the
Council of Peoples' Commissars of the USSR, GKK; Glavkonsk, Glavkoncesskom)
which was the Soviet government authority in charge of foreign concessions in
the USSR, between 1923 and 1937) concluded between the Government of the USSR
and the "Правлением американской концессии" (English: Board of the American
concession) in the person of A. Hammer and the approval of the Совет народных
комиссаров, Совнарком, СНК (English: Council of People's Commissars, Sovnarkom,
SNK) on September 22, 1925 by the Протокол № 119, п.14 (English: Protocol No.
119, paragraph 14), in 1926 a concessionary factory of office supplies was
opened in Moscow.
From the time of its foundation (1930) to 1935, the
factory was subordinated to the merger of "Мосхим" (Мосхимтресту) (English: "Moskhim"
(Moshimtrest)), from 1935 to 1957, then it was subordinated to the "Тресту
школьно-письменных принадлежностей Министерства местной промышленности"
(English: The trust of school and writing supplies of the Ministry of Local
Industry), from 1957 to 1965, then subordinated to the "Управлению мебельной
промышленности Мосгорсовнархоза" (English: Management of the furniture industry
of the Moscow City Executive Committee), from 1965 to March 25, 1991 it became
Объединению «Союзоргтехника» (с 1986 г. — МНПО «Оргтехника») Министерства
приборостроения, средств автоматизации и систем управления СССР, с 25 марта 1991
г. по 3 августа 1993 г. — Министерству электротехнической промышленности и
приборостроения СССР, с 03 августа 1993 г. по 30 июня 1994 г. — Комитету РФ по
машиностроению (English: "Union "Soyuzorgtekhnika" (since 1986 - MNPO "Office
equipment") of the Ministry of Instrumentation, Automation and Control Systems
of the USSR, from March 25, 1991 to August 3, 1993 - to the Ministry of
Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation of the USSR, since August 03, 1993
June 30, 1994 - the RF Committee for Machine Building. In 1994, "было
зарегистрировано Акционерное общество открытого типа «Московский завод пишущих
принадлежностей имени Сакко и Ванцетти»" (English: Open Joint Stock Company
"Moscow Sacco and Vanzetti Writing Accessories Factory" was registered, which
was the assignee of the state enterprise "Moscow Sacco and Vanzetti Writing
Accessories Factory". In 2000, "АООТ «МЗПП им. Сакко и Ванцетти»" (English: AOOT
"MZPP Sacco and Vanzetti "was transformed in accordance with the current
legislation in the" Sacco and Vincetti "writing accessories factory. In 1996,
foreign partners (Bulgaria and Switzerland) left. In 204 it ceased operations
and in 2005, due to the 1990s and early 2000 economic crisis, the factory began
to dismantle and in 2007 it was formally closed. During the reorganization and
bankruptcy of the plant, there were in fact 2-3 legal entities with the common
word combination "Sacco and Vanzetti", which belonged to a part of the plant's
property. This explains the duplication of government. The last legal entity was
owned by the plant "Sacco and Vanzetti", who were its shareholders are
developers.
Its formal name when it was nationalized in 1930 was
"Московский завод пишущих принадлежностей имени Сакко и Ванцетти" (English: The
Moscow Sacco and Vanzetti Writing Accessories Factory). It was also known as
"«Карандашная фабрика», ОАО «Сакко и Ванцетти», ОАО «Завод пишущих
принадлежностей им. Сакко и Ванцетти», АООТ «Московский завод пишущих
принадлежностей им. Сакко и Ванцетти»" (English: "Pencil Factory", "Sacco and
Vanzetti" OJSC (Open Joint Stock Company), "Plant of Writing Accessories". Sacco
and Vanzetti ", AOOT" Moscow Plant of Writing Accessories. Sacco and Vanzetti").
The company also manufactured color pencils, chalks, etc."
Hence, this
was one of many foreign companies established in the country in the early years
of the USSR and one could say that this flag is most likely the company's
intended flag (no evidence is found that there was a real flag for it, only
images in posters so far).
Sources:
https://1001karandash.ru/articles/sovetskaya-reklama-karandashey-1920-kh-godov-a-gammer-a-hammer/
https://ru.wikipedia.org
http://www.thepalimpsest.co.uk/2010/05/armand-hammer-arm-and-hammer-unlikely.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_concessions_in_the_USSR
Esteban Rivera, 10 January 2018
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